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Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism

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In 2009, Pakistani President Asif Zardari admitted at a conference in Islamabad that Pakistan had, in the past created terrorist groups as a tool for its geostrategic agenda.[1] Pakistan had long been accused by neighbour India, and western nations like the United States,[2][3] and the United Kingdom[4] of its involvement in terrorist activities in India and Afghanistan.[5][6] Pakistan's tribal region along the border of Afghanistan has been claimed to be a "haven for terrorists" by western media and the United States Defense Secretary.[7][8][by whom?] According to an analysis published by the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings Institution in 2008, Pakistan was "perhaps the world’s most active sponsor of terrorist groups... aiding groups that pose a direct threat to the United States."[9] Daniel Byman, an author, also writes that, "Pakistan is probably today's most active sponsor of terrorism".[10]

The Pakistani intelligence agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence(ISI), is believed to be aiding these organisations in eradicating perceived enemies or those opposed to their cause, including India, Russia, China, Israel, the United States, the United Kingdom and other members of NATO.[11][12] Satellite imagery from the FBI[13] suggest the existence of several terrorist camps in Pakistan, with at least one militant admitting to being trained in the country as part of the going Kashmir Dispute, Pakistan is alleged to be supporting separatist militias[14] Many nonpartisan sources believe that officials within Pakistan’s military and the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) sympathise with and aid Islamic terrorists, saying that the "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the al-Qaeda affiliate Jaish-e-Mohammed".[15]

Pakistan denied involvement in militant activities in Kashmir, though President Asif Ali Zardari admitted in July 2010[16] that militants had been "deliberately created and nurtured" by past governments "as a policy to achieve some short-term tactical objectives" stating that they were "heroes" until 9/11.

In October 2010, former Pakistan President and former head of the Pakistan Army, Pervez Musharraf revealed that Pakistani armed forces trained militant groups to fight Indian forces in Kashmir.[17] Many Kashmiri militant groups designated as terrorist organisations by the US still maintain their headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. This is cited by the Indian government as further proof that Pakistan supports terrorism. Many of the terrorist organisations are banned by the UN, but continue to operate under different names. Even the normally reticent United Nations Organization (UNO) has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists.[18][19] Both the federal and state governments in India continue to accuse Pakistan of helping several banned terrorist organisations, including the Indian organisations unhappy with their own Government, like the ULFA in Assam.[20]

Background[]

Until Pakistan became a key ally in the War on Terrorism, the US Secretary of State included Pakistan on the 1993 list of countries which repeatedly provide support for acts of international terrorism.[2] In fact, many consider that Pakistan has been playing both sides in the fight against terror, on the one hand, pretending to help curtail terrorist activities while on the other, stoking it.[21][22] Even the noted Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid has accused Pakistan's ISI of providing help to the Taliban,[citation needed] a statement echoed by many, including author Ted Galen Carpenter, who states that Pakistan has "assisted rebel forces in Kashmir even though those groups have committed terrorist acts against civilians".[23]

Allegations of state-sponsored terrorism[]

Author Gordon Thomas states that whilst aiding in the capture of Al Qaeda members, Pakistan "still sponsored terrorist groups in the disputed state of Kashmir, funding, training and arming them in their war of attrition against India". Journalist Stephen Schwartz notes that several terrorist and criminal groups are "backed by senior officers in the Pakistani army, the country's ISI intelligence establishment and other armed bodies of the state".[24]

According to the author Daniel Byman, "Pakistan is probably today's most active sponsor of terrorism."[10] writing in an article published by The Australian stated, "following the terror massacres in Mumbai, Pakistan may now be the single biggest state sponsor of terrorism, beyond even Iran, yet it has never been listed by the US State Department as a state sponsor of terrorism".[25]

Former Pakistan Ruler Pervez Musharraf has conceded that his forces trained militant groups to fight India in Indian-administered Kashmir.[26] He confessed that the government ″turned a blind eye″ because it wanted to force India to enter negotiations besides raising the issue internationally.[26]

India has been consistent in alleging that Pakistan was involved in training and arming underground militant groups to fight Indian forces in Kashmir.[27]

Inter-Services Intelligence and terrorism[]

The ISI, has often been accused of playing a role in major terrorist attacks across the world including

The ISI is also accused of supporting Taliban forces[37] and recruiting and training mujahideen[37][38] to fight in Afghanistan[39][40] and Kashmir.[40] Based on communication intercepts, US intelligence agencies concluded Pakistan's ISI was behind the attack on the Indian embassy in Kabul on 7 July 2008, a charge that the governments of India and Afghanistan had laid previously.[41]

The Afghan President Hamid Karzai, who has regularly reiterated allegations that militants operating training camps in Pakistan have used it as a launch platform to attack targets in Afghanistan, urged Western military allies to target extremist hideouts in neighbouring Pakistan.[42] In response to the millants from Afghanistan hiding in the mountainous tribal region of Pakistan . The US and Pakistan agreed to allow US Drone Strikes in Pakistan.[43]

Several detainees at the Guantanamo Bay facility told US interrogators that they were aided by the ISI for attacks in the disputed Kashmir Region.[44]

Links to terrorist groups[]

Pakistan is said to be a haven for terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda,[45] Lashkar-e-Omar, Lashkar-e-Toiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed and Sipah-e-Sahaba. Pakistan is accused of giving aid to the Taliban, "which include[s] soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and on several occasions apparently directly providing combat support," as stated by the Human Rights Watch.[46] In 2008, the US has stated that the next attack on the US could originate in Pakistan.[47] In June 2009, India’s army chief, General Deepak Kapoor, used a meeting with US national security adviser Jim Jones to claim that Pakistan was home to 43 "terrorist camps", while rejecting suggestions of engaging in fresh peace talks.[48] Another militant outfit, the JKLF, has openly admitted that more than 3,000 militants from various nationalities were still being trained.[49] Other resources also concur, stating that Pakistan’s military and ISI both include personnel who sympathise with and help Islamic militants, adding that "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the Jaish-e-Mohammed."[15] Pakistan has denied any involvement in the terrorist activities in Kashmir, arguing that it only provides political and moral support to the so-called 'secessionist' groups. Many Kashmiri groups also maintain their headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, which is cited as further proof by the Indian Government. The normally reticent United Nations Organization (UNO) has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists.[18][19]

Alleged Pakistani Army support of terrorists[]

See also: Allegations of support system in Pakistan for Osama bin Laden

The United States had direct evidence that the ISI chief, Lt. Gen. Ahmed Shuja Pasha, knew of Bin Laden’s presence in Abbottabad, Pakistan.[50]

Pakistan was also responsible for the evacuation of about 5000 of the top leadership of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda who were encircled by Nato forces in the 2001 Invasion of Afganistan. This event known as the Kunduz airlift, which is also popularly called the "Airlift of Evil", involved several Pakistani Air Force transport planes flying multiple sorties over a number of days.

According to Pervez Hoodhboy, "Bin Laden was the 'Golden Goose' that the army had kept under its watch but which, to its chagrin, has now been stolen from under its nose. Until then, the thinking had been to trade in the Goose at the right time for the right price, either in the form of dollars or political concessions".[51]

According to a 2001 article titled "Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism" issued by the US Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, "In South Asia, the United States has been increasingly concerned about reports of Pakistani support to terrorist groups and elements active in Kashmir, as well as Pakistani support, especially military support, to the Taliban, which continues to harbor terrorist groups, including al-Qaida, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan."[52]

In 2011, American troops reportedly recovered Pakistani military supplies from Taliban insurgents in Afghanistan.[53]

Problems[]

US National Security Advisor James L Jones sent a message in the past to Pakistan saying that double standards on terrorism were not acceptable.[54] In July 2010, British Prime Minister David Cameron accused the Pakistani government of double standards: "We cannot tolerate in any sense the idea that this country is allowed to look both ways and is able, in any way, to promote the export of terror, whether to India or whether to Afghanistan or anywhere else in the world." However, UK Foreign Secretary William Hague, who was travelling with the prime minister Cameron, clarified Cameron's remarks: "He wasn't accusing anybody of double dealing. He was also saying that Pakistan's made great progress in tackling terrorism. Of course there have been many terrorism outrages in Pakistan itself."[55] Cameron's remarks sparked a diplomatic row with Pakistan, where he came under attack by officials and politicians who strongly criticised his comments.[56] In December 2010, he attempted to visit Pakistan while on a tour to Afghanistan in an effort to mend relations. However, his visit was refused by Pakistan, notably as a snub to his remarks.[57]

Afghanistan[]

US intelligence officials claim that Pakistan's ISI sponsored the 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul.[58] They say that the ISI officers who aided the attack were not renegades, indicating that their actions might have been authorised by superiors. The attack was carried out by Jalaluddin Haqqani, who runs a network that Western intelligence services say is responsible for a campaign of violence throughout Afghanistan, including the Indian Embassy bombing and the 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack.[58]

India[]

Main article: Terrorism in India

The government of Pakistan has been accused of aiding terrorist organisations operating on their soil who have attacked neighbouring India. Pakistan denies all allegations, stating that these acts are committed by non-state actors.[59][60]

India alleged that the recent 2008 Mumbai attacks originated in Pakistan, and that the attackers were in touch with a Pakistani colonel and other handlers in Pakistan.[61] This led to a UN ban on one such organisation, the Jama'at-ud-Da'wah, which the Pakistani government is yet to enforce.[62][63]

On 5 April 2006, the Indian police arrested six Islamic militants, including a cleric who helped plan bomb blasts in Varanasi. The cleric is believed to be a commander of a banned Bangladeshi Islamic militant group, Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, and is linked to the ISI.[64]

Al Qaeda leaders killed or captured in Pakistan[]

See also: Death of Osama bin Laden and Allegations of support system in Pakistan for Osama bin Laden

Critics have accused Pakistan's military and security establishment of protecting bin Laden, until he was found and killed by US forces.[65] This issue is expected to worsen US ties with Pakistan.[66][67] Bin Laden was killed in what most feel was his residence for at least three years, in Abbottabad, in Pakistan.[68] It was an expensive compound,[69] less than 100 kilometres' drive from the capital, Islamabad, probably built specifically for Bin Laden.[70] The compound is 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southwest of the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA), a prominent military academy that has been compared to Sandhurst in Britain and West Point in the United States.[71] Pakistan's President Zardari has denied that his country's security forces may have sheltered Osama bin Laden.[72][73]

In response to America's exposure of bin Laden's hiding place, Pakistan moved to shut down the informant network that lead the Americans there.[74]

In addition Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Zubaydah, Abu Laith al Libi and Sheikh Said Masri have all been captured or killed inside Pakistan.[75]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ↑ Nelson, Dean (8 July 2009). "Pakistani president Asif Zardari admits creating terrorist groups". The Daily Telegraph. London. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/5779916/Pakistani-president-Asif-Zardari-admits-creating-terrorist-groups.html. Retrieved 21 March 2014. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 International Terrorism: Threats and Responses: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary By United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary, ISBN 0-16-052230-7, 1996, pp. 482.
  3. ↑ Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism 30 April 2001 U.S. State Department
  4. ↑ "UK says Pakistan must stop infiltration across LoC". 29 May 2002. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-5-2002_pg1_1. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  5. ↑ Back to Camp-Dawn July 2005
  6. ↑ Pakistan's link to Afghan terrorism
  7. ↑ "Leon Panetta: U.S. "reaching the limits of our patience" with Pakistan terror safe havens."
  8. ↑ "A safe haven for terrorists". Economist. 12 April 2007. http://www.economist.com/node/9005270. Retrieved 1 January 2012. 
  9. ↑ "The Changing Nature of State Sponsorship of Terrorism", Daniel Byman, Brookings Institution, p. 7.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Deadly Connections: States That Sponsor Terrorism By Daniel Byman, ISBN 0-521-83973-4, 2005, Cambridge University Press, pp 155
  11. ↑ "Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (aka Lashkar e-Tayyiba, Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba) – Council on Foreign Relations". Cfr.org. http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/. Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  12. ↑ "Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba". BBC News. 3 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181925.stm. Retrieved 20 May 2010. 
  13. ↑ FBI identifies terror camp in Pakistan through satellite pictures
  14. ↑ "Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Daily Times. 14 June 2005. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_14-6-2005_pg1_4. Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Terrorism Havens: Pakistan – Council on Foreign Relations
  16. ↑ World PakistanPhotosVideoBlog: New York Diaries (8 July 2009). "Zardari says Pak created and nurtured militants – CNN IBN News". Ibnlive.in.com. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/zardari-says-pak-created-and-nurtured-militants/96670-2.html. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  17. ↑ "Musharraf admits Kashmir militants trained in Pakistan". BBC News. 5 October 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11474618. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Loomis, George. "Pakistan should crack down on Taliban, UN official says". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 10 January 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070110003637/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/09/news/afghan.php. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "BBC Story". BBC News. 21 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5190244.stm. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  20. ↑ "Assam accuses Pakistan High Commission of helping ULFA". Expressindia.com. 15 March 2000. http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000315/ifr15044.html. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  21. ↑ Pakistan said to play both sides on terror war 2 October 2006, Christian Science Monitor
  22. ↑ Dangerous game of state-sponsored terror that threatens nuclear conflict 25 May 2002, Guardian Unlimited
  23. ↑ Terrorist Sponsors: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China by Ted Galen Carpenter 16 November 2001 Cato Institute
  24. ↑ Stephen Schwartz (19 August 2006). "A threat to the world". The Spectator. http://www.spectator.co.uk/archive/features/24639/a-threat-to-the-world.thtml. Retrieved 20 September 2007. 
  25. ↑ Asia's Islamism engine, The Australian, 4 December 2008
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "SPIEGEL Interview with Pervez Musharraf: 'Pakistan is Always Seen as the Rogue' – SPIEGEL ONLINE". Spiegel.de. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-interview-with-pervez-musharraf-pakistan-is-always-seen-as-the-rogue-a-721110.html. Retrieved 11 November 2012. 
  27. ↑ "BBC News – Musharraf admits Kashmir militants trained in Pakistan". Bbc.co.uk. 5 October 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11474618. Retrieved 11 November 2012. 
  28. ↑ Terrorism Havens: Pakistan – Council on Foreign Relations[dead link]
  29. ↑ "Kashmir Militant Extremists – Council on Foreign Relations". Cfr.org. http://www.cfr.org/publication/9135/. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  30. ↑ "Pakistan 'role in Mumbai attacks'". BBC News. 30 September 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5394686.stm. Retrieved 20 May 2010. 
  31. ↑ "Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India – December 13, 2001". Indianembassy.org. http://www.indianembassy.org/new/parliament_dec_13_01.htm#STATEMENT%20MADE%20BY%20HOME%20MINISTER,%20L.%20K.%20ADVANI%20ON%20THE%20TERRORIST%20ATTACK%20ON%20PARLIAMENT%20HOUSE%20ON%20DECEMBER%2013,%202001. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  32. ↑ "ISI now outsources terror to Bangladesh". In.rediff.com. http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/21spec.htm. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  33. ↑ "Hyderabad blasts: The ISI hand". In.rediff.com. http://in.rediff.com/news/2007/may/25guest.htm. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  34. ↑ "ISI may be behind Hyderabad blasts: Jana Reddy". Ibnlive.com. 26 August 2007. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/isi-may-be-behind-hyderabad-blasts-jana-reddy/47473-3.html. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  35. ↑ "U.S. official: Indian attack has Pakistani ties". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28015877/. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  36. ↑ Baqir Sajjad Syed (6 December 2008). "Rice tells Pakistan to act 'or US will'". Dawn.com. http://www.dawn.com/2008/12/06/top14.htm. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Ali, Mahmud (9 October 2006). "Pakistan's shadowy secret service". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6033383.stm. Retrieved 20 May 2010. 
  38. ↑ Rashid, Ahmed (6 October 2006). "Nato's top brass accuse Pakistan over Taliban aid". The Daily Telegraph. London. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/06/wafghan06.xml. Retrieved 20 May 2010. 
  39. ↑ Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/world/asia/21quetta.html. Retrieved 20 May 2010. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE SUSPECTS; Death of Reporter Puts Focus On Pakistan Intelligence Unit". The New York Times. 25 February 2002. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7D81F3EF936A15751C0A9649C8B63. Retrieved 20 May 2010. 
  41. ↑ Pakistanis Aided Attack in Kabul, U.S. Officials say
  42. ↑ Karzai wants action by allied forces in Pakistan 11 August 2008 Dawn, Pakistan
  43. ↑ Bergen, Peter; Tiedemann, Katherine (26 April 2010). "No Secrets in the Sky". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/opinion/26bergen.html. 
  44. ↑ "ISI allowed terrorists to attack India, says WikiLeaks." Press Trust of India, 9 May 2011.
  45. ↑ "Pakistan has al-Qaeda training camp: US officials". Zee News. http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=395435&sid=SAS&ssid=&news=Pakistan+has+al-Qaeda+training+camp:+US+officials. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  46. ↑ "Crisis of Impunity – Pakistan's Support of the Taliban". Hrw.org. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/afghan2/Afghan0701-02.htm. Retrieved 20 August 2013. 
  47. ↑ "Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Daily Times. 12 September 2008. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C09%5C12%5Cstory_12-9-2008_pg7_51. Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  48. ↑ "US embassy cables: Pakistan home to 43 'terrorist camps' – Indian army chief". The Guardian. London. 10 December 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/214316. 
  49. ↑ 'Pak feared exposure of militant camps' – Rediff 16 October 2005
  50. ↑ Carlotta Gall (March 19, 2014). "What Pakistan Knew About Bin Laden". The New York Times Company.. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/magazine/what-pakistan-knew-about-bin-laden.html?_r=1. Retrieved March 19, 2014. 
  51. ↑ "The curious case of Osama bin Laden". 3 May 2011. http://tribune.com.pk/story/160658/the-curious-case-of-osama-bin-laden/. Retrieved 10 May 2011. 
  52. ↑ "Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism". 30 April 2001. Archived from the original on 3 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060403032830/http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2000/2441.htm. Retrieved 13 April 2011 
  53. ↑ Swami, Praveen. "Taliban receiving Pakistan military equipment, U.S. investigation reveals." The Hindu, 9 January 2012.
  54. ↑ "'Pak's double standards on terror not acceptable' – Rediff.com India News". News.rediff.com. 16 July 2010. http://news.rediff.com/interview/2010/jul/16/paks-double-standards-on-terror-not-acceptable.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  55. ↑ "UK PM cautions Pakistan over 'terror exports'."
  56. ↑ Cameron sparks diplomatic row with Pakistan after 'export of terror' remarks
  57. ↑ David Cameron snubbed by Pakistan over terrorism slur
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Pakistanis Aided Attack in Kabul, U.S. Officials Say, Mark Mazzetti and Eric Schmidt, New York Times, 1 August 2008
  59. ↑ John Pike. "Zardari blames 'non-state actors' for Mumbai attack". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/news/2008/11/sec-081128-irna02.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  60. ↑ "Non-state actors Pak's responsibility: Zardari". NDTV.com. 16 December 2008. http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080076673&type=News. Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  61. ↑ Tran, Mark (26 February 2009). "India names Pakistani colonel in connection with Mumbai terror attacks". The Guardian. London. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/feb/26/mumbai-terror-attacks-india. Retrieved 20 May 2010. 
  62. ↑ "Pakistan not to ban Jamaat-ud-Dawa". The Times of India. 15 December 2008. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-15/pakistan/27916430_1_ban-jamaat-ud-dawa-hafiz-mohammad-saeed-islamabad. 
  63. ↑ "Experts welcome UN ban on Jamaat-ul-Dawa; put doubts on Pak". The Times of India. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/3823910.cms. Retrieved 21 March 2014. 
  64. ↑ "Indian Police Arrest Islamic Cleric for Blasts". Reuters. 5 April 2006. http://www.aawsat.net/2006/04/article55267228. Retrieved 21 March 2014. 
  65. ↑ http://detnews.com/article/20110503/NATION/105030368/Levin-questions-Pakistan’s-role#ixzz1LGfVnAVd[dead link]
  66. ↑ "Pakistan admits it wasn't part of US operation to kill Osama bin Laden – World – DNA". Dnaindia.com. 11 September 2001. http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_pakistan-admits-it-wasn-t-part-of-us-operation-to-kill-osama-bin-laden_1538828. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  67. ↑ Perlez, Jane (11 September 2001). "Nation & World | Bin Laden's death casts more suspicion on Pakistan | Seattle Times Newspaper". Seattletimes.nwsource.com. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2014941260_osamapakistan03.html. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  68. ↑ Associated, The (2 April 2008). "Report: Bin Laden hid in Pakistan compound for more than three years – Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110506151621/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/report-bin-laden-hid-in-pakistan-compound-for-over-three-years-before-capture-1.359578. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  69. ↑ "Interesting Facts About Osama bin Laden’s Compound – International Business Times". Au.ibtimes.com. http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/140534/20110503/interesting-facts-about-osama-bin-laden-s-compound.htm. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  70. ↑ Westhead, Rick (1 April 2011). "Questions about bin Laden embarrassing to Pakistan". Toronto: thestar.com. http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/984289--questions-about-bin-laden-embarrassing-to-pakistan?bn=1. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  71. ↑ "Bin Laden's front yard" (May 3, 2011). The Economist.
  72. ↑ Toosi, Nahal (11 September 2001). "The Canadian Press: Pakistan's president dismisses suspicions that his country was sheltering bin Laden". Google.com. http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5ie6QSATOQYI1N-xQfy-6VPRGhm2w?docId=6739650. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  73. ↑ Your name:. "Zardari defends Pakistan over bin Laden intel". Emirates 24/7. http://www.emirates247.com/news/world/zardari-defends-pakistan-over-bin-laden-intel-2011-05-03-1.388294. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  74. ↑ "Pakistan Arrests C.I.A. Informants in Bin Laden Raid." New York Times, 14 June 2011.
  75. ↑ "Al Qaeda leaders killed or captured in Pakistan." Reuters, 2 May 2011.
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