Peruvian Naval Infantry

Peruvian Naval Infantry
Infantería de Marina del Perú
File:Peruvian Naval Infantry Coat of Arms.png Coat of Arms of the Peruvian Naval Infantry
Founded	November 6, 1821 (1821-11-06)
Countries	Peru
Type	Naval infantry
Role	Amphibious, combined arms, expeditionary, and aerial warfare
Part of	Peruvian Navy
Motto(s)	Acción y valor (English: Action and valor)

The 3,000 personnel Peruvian Naval Infantry (Spanish language: Infantería de Marina del Perú

- IMAP) includes an amphibious brigade of three battalions and local security units with two transport ships (one used as a training ship), four tank landing ships, and about forty Portuguese Chaimite armored personnel carriers.

Since 1982 IMAP detachments have been deployed, under Peruvian Army command, in counter-insurgency capacities in Ayacucho and Huancavelica departments. The Fuerza de Infantería de Marina (Naval Infantry Force) falls under the Comandancia General de Operaciones del Pacífico (Pacific Operations General Command).

History

Founding

Following the creation of the Peruvian Navy on 23 October 1821, the Commander General of the Navy, Jorge Martín Guise, requested a garrison of 38 troops to be stationed at Balcarce and Belgrano. The formal request was made on 6 November 1821 to the Minister of War and Navy, creating the Navy Battalion. The Navy Brigade was later formed after another battalion was formed and on 2 June 1823, the brigade attacked the Spanish in Arica, successfully taking the city. During the War of the Confederation, the Navy Brigade fought in the Siege of Talcahuano on 23 November 1837. In 1847, President Ramón Castilla reorganized the Peruvian Navy, creating six companies of the naval infantry.

War of the Pacific

During the War of the Pacific, the Marine Garrison Battalion under the direction of the Commander General of the Navy was created on 10 January 1880 with a force of 600 men. The Marines participated in the Battle of Miraflores on 15 January 1881 with 524 Marines led by Juan Fanning and Guardia Chalaca. Both of the commanders were killed along with nearly all Marines, with the infamous shout of Fanning becoming a motto of the Peruvian Marines, "¡Adelante marina, marina adelante!" or "Forward Marine, Marine forward!".

Modernization

BAP Paita, (USS LST-512 in image), one of Peru's first amphibious warfare ships purchased during its modernization.

The Marines were received an update on 2 February 1919 when the Battalion of the Navy was organized into two companies of riflemen, one section of machine gunners and another section of servicemen, commanded by corvette captain Héctor Mercado. The Peruvian Navy in charge of defending the oil port of Talara then allied itself with the United States, patrolling the continent and the Panama Canal. On 9 June 1943, President Manuel Prado decreed the creation of the Infantería de Marina as part of the Naval Coast Defense Force. Through the 1950s and into the 1960s, multiple amphibious warfare ships and weapons were purchased. The Naval Station of Ancon was created on October 8, 1971 with the Amphibious Command Company headquartered there a year later providing logistical information to better organize amphibious operations.

Counterterrorism

For more details on this topic, see Terrorism in Peru.

Peruvian Ministry of Defense and military personnel commemorating the operation in 2013.

Following over a decade of an authoritarian government in Peru, elections were held in 1980. Leftist armed groups arose, such as the Shining Path and later the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA). The Marines began counterterrorist operations against such groups stationed in the Ayacucho Region from 1985 to 1991, creating Task Force 90, later expanding to Ucayali, Huánuco and Loreto. In 1995, Marines also participated in the brief the Cenepa War, a brief territorial conflict with Ecuador.

On 17 December 1996, hundreds of diplomats, businessmen, as well as government and military officers were taken hostage by the MRTA at the Japanese ambassadors residence, initiating the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. Over the year, some hostages were released, though 72 hostages remained. Peruvian Marines were then involved in a hostage rescue operation, Operation Chavín de Huántar, named after the Chavín de Huantar archaeological site due to the tunnels dug by troops to access the ambassadors compound. The operation resulted in two commandos and one hostage dead while all fourteen militants were killed. Operation Chavín de Huánta is regarded as one of the most successful hostage rescue operations in history.

Organization

Peruvian marines of various specialities.

Brigada de Infanteria de Marina

• 1st Naval Infantry Battalion - Ancón
• 2nd Naval Infantry Battalion - Ancón
• Amphibious Support Group
• Fire support Group
• Commando Grouping
• Engineers Unit

Other units

• 3rd Naval Infantry Battalion - Tumbes
• 4th Naval Infantry Battalion - Puno
• 1st Jungle Naval Infantry Battalion - Iquitos
• 2nd Jungle Naval Infantry Battalion - Pucallpa
• Naval Infantry Detachment Litoral Sur - Mollendo
• Special Forces Espíritus Negros and Fuerza Delta, based on the American Delta Force and US Army Rangers.

Equipment

Weapons

Model	Image	Caliber	Origin	Details
Assault rifles
Daewoo K2		5.56 × 45 mm NATO	South Korea
IMI G		5.56 × 45 mm NATO	Israel	Used by Marine Special Forces
Carbon 15		5.56 × 45 mm NATO	United States	Used by Marine Special Forces
FN F2000		5.56 × 45 mm NATO	Belgium	Used by Marine Special Forces.
IMI Tavor		5.56 × 45 mm NATO	Israel	Used by Marine Special Forces
Carabina SAR-21		5.56 × 45 mm NATO	Singapore	Used by Marine Special Forces
MicroGail	File:Imfdb galil.jpg	5.56 × 45 mm NATO	Israel	Standard issue
Sub-machine guns
Heckler & Koch HK21		9 x 19mm Parabellum	Germany	Used by Marine Special Forces
IMI Uzi		9 x 19mm Parabellum	Israel	Used by Marine Special Forces
FN P90		5.7 x 28 mm	Belgium	Used by Marine Special Forces
Machine guns
M60	File:M60GPMG.jpeg	7.62 × 51 mm NATO	United States
FN Minimi		7.62 × 51 mm NATO	Belgium
Ultimax 100		5.56 × 45 mm NATO	Singapore
Grenade launchers
Milkor MGL		40 × 46mm grenade	South Africa

Vehicles

Name	Image	Type	Quantity	Origin	Details
Armoured vehicles
LAV‑II		APC	32	Canada	All 32 delivered to the Amphibious Expeditionary Brigade (BEA) of the Marines in mid-2016.
BMR-600	File:BMR 600.jpg	APC	25	Spain
Bravia Chaimite		APC	20	Portugal
Utility vehicles
Asanave V1		Utility vehicle	500+	Peru
Asanave V3		Utility vehicle	150	Peru
Can-Am Commander Max		Off-road vehicle		Canada
RAM MK3	File:IAI RAM MK3 MGP.png	Armoured light vehicle	7	Israel	Purchased in 2016
Vatt Wolf	File:VATT en maniobras.jpg	Off-road vehicle	210	Peru

See also

• Marines
• Peruvian Navy

External links

• Official Peruvian Navy Website
• The Peruvian Navy: the XIX Century Maritime Campaigns — a series of articles covering the history of the 19th century Peruvian Navy by Juan del Campo.
• Marine Link article with pics