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4th Infantry Division (United States)

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4th Infantry Division
4 Infantry Division SSI
4th Infantry Division Shoulder Sleeve Insignia
Active 1917–1921
1940–1946
1947–present
Country United States
Allegiance U.S. Army
Branch Regular Army
Type Light and Armored
Role Infantry
Size Division
Part of III Corps
Garrison/HQ Fort Carson
Nickname(s) Ivy Division[1]
Iron Horse
Motto(s) Steadfast and Loyal
Colors Green and Gold
Engagements

World War I

World War II

Vietnam War

Iraq War

Afghanistan War
Commanders
Current
commander		 MG Paul LaCamera
March 2013 to present
Notable
commanders		 Compete list of commanders
Insignia
Distinctive Unit Insignia 4th Infantry Division DUI
 
4th Infantry Division (United States)

The 4th Infantry Division is a modular division of the United States Army based at Fort Carson, Colorado. It is composed of four organic Infantry and Armored Brigade Combat Teams.

The 4th Infantry Division's official nickname, "Ivy", is a play on words of the Roman numeral IV or 4. Ivy leaves symbolize tenacity and fidelity which is the basis of the division's motto: "Steadfast and Loyal". The second nickname, "Iron Horse", has been adopted to underscore the speed and power of the division and its soldiers.

History[]

On June 2, 1917, the Fourth United States Regulars[2] ("Fourth Infantry")[3] arrived at the "Gettysburg Camp"[4] for World War I recruiting (closed by December 16).[5]

World War I[]

The 4th Division was organized at Camp Greene, North Carolina on 10 December 1917 under the command of Maj. Gen. George H. Cameron. It was here they adopted their distinctive insignia, the four ivy leaves. The ivy leaf came from the Roman numerals for four (IV) and signified their motto “Steadfast and Loyal”. The division was organized as part of the United States buildup following the Declaration of War on 6 April 1917 and the entry of the United States into the war on the side of the British and French.

Organization[]

  • Total authorized strength for the division approached 32,000.

St. Mihiel Offensive[]

For the St. Mihiel Campaign, the division moved into an area south of Verdun as part of the 1st American Army. Gen. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), had gotten the French and British to agree that the AEF would fight under its own organizational elements. One of the first missions assigned to the AEF was the reduction of the St. Mihiel salient. The 4th Division, assigned to V Corps, was on the western face of the salient. The plan was for V Corps to push generally southeast and to meet IV Corps who was pushing northwest, thereby trapping the Germans in the St. Mihiel area.

The 59th Infantry Regiment moved into an area previously occupied by the French, deploying along a nine kilometer front. On 12 September, the first patrols were sent forward by the 59th. The 4th Division attack began on 14 September with the 8th Brigade capturing the town of Manheulles. All along the front, the American forces pressed forward and closed the St. Mihiel salient.

Meuse-Argonne Campaign[]

On 26 September, the last great battle of World War I, the Meuse-Argonne Campaign, began. Moving under the cover of darkness for secrecy, the Americans had moved into their sector of the front following the completion of their mission in the St. Mihiel area. Three U.S. Army corps were assigned sectors along the U.S. part of the front. III Corps held the extreme right (eastern) part of the front with V Corps to their left. The 4th Division was assigned to III Corps. The III Corps sector had the 33rd Division on the right, the 80th Division had the center, and the 4th was assigned the left, with the 79th Division of V Corps on their left.

The 7th Brigade was moved to the line in the trenches around Hill 304. The division plan called for one brigade to fight until exhausted and then send the other brigade forward to press the attack. The attack of 26 September was made through a narrow valley. The 7th Brigade moved through the valley and, while taking large numbers of German prisoners, reached the second line of defenses by 09:00 near the town of Cuisy. The Germans provided a formidable opposition, but the 39th Infantry overcame them and moved through Septsarges. During this first day, the 7th Brigade had captured 1700 prisoners, and more than 40 guns. Division headquarters was moved forward to Cuisy.

On 27 September the attack resumed with an artillery barrage. The 39th Infantry followed the barrage until they encountered withering machine gun fire from the Bois des Ogons where they were held up. The 8th Brigade was brought forward on 29 September to take the place of the 39th on the line. The 8th Brigade moved through the Bois de Brieulles but met increasing machine gun fire from the Bois des Ogons. Very little progress was made over the next four days as the terrible condition of the roads at the rear hampered re-supply and reinforcement efforts. By 3 October, Phase I of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive was over.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive—Phase II[]

Through the strenuous efforts of the supply and ammunition trains, enough materiel had been acquired to resume the attack by 3 October. The division plan was to fight its way through the many forests surrounding the city of Brieulles and capture the city. On the morning of 4 October, the 8th Brigade moved out of the foxholes and moved across open ground under the cover of heavy fog. As the fog lifted the Germans opened fired from the front, the left and the right. The 58th fought forward wearing gas masks since many of the projectiles contained gas, finally managing to gain a foothold in the Bois de Fays. The line was able to advance no further for the next 4 days enduring constant shelling and German night patrols attempting to infiltrate their lines. Forward movement was again ordered on 9 October with the 7th Brigade attacking. The 8th Brigade was withdrawn for rest. The 39th Infantry was designated as the assaulting unit. The order to attack came just at sundown. With difficulty, the men stumbled forward in darkness wearing gas masks and under fire. Little progress could be made. The 39th withdrew to resume the attack at 07:00 on 10 October. 2/39th led the way and incurred heavy losses. Many of the officers in the 39th were killed or wounded, including all of the majors.

Another attack was ordered and by 17:30 2/39th had fought through the Bois de Peut de Faux. The men dug in for the night. Early on the morning of the 11th, the entire regimental staff of the 39th was gassed and LTC Troy Middleton, 47th Infantry was ordered to take command of the 39th. Attacking on the morning of 11 October, the 7th Brigade pushed through the Bois de Foret. The orders for 12 October were to clean out the last pockets of German resistance in the Bois de Foret. Patrols were sent out to the north side of Hill 299. On 13 October, 4th Division units were relieved by the 4th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Division.

On 10 October MG John L. Hines was selected to command III Corps. MG George H. Cameron was returned to the 4th Division as its commander. The 4th was withdrawn from the front on 19 October. During their 24 days of combat they had paid a heavy price with 244 officers and 7,168 men killed or wounded. They had fought their way over 13 kilometers and captured 2,731 enemy prisoners. The division relocated to Lucey as part of Second Army. MG Cameron received a new assignment to return to the U.S. to train new divisions on 22 October. Command passed temporarily to BG Benjamin, Commander, 7th Brigade before MG Mark L. Hersey arrived to assume command on 31 October.

The Armistice ending the war was signed on 11 November 1918. The last casualties in the division were suffered by 13th Field Artillery at 14:00 11 November 1918.

  • World War I casualties
    • 2,611 killed in action
    • 9,895 wounded in action

Occupation duty[]

Under the terms of the Armistice, Germany was to evacuate all territory west of the Rhine. American troops were to relocate to the center section of this previously German occupied area all the way to the Koblenz bridgehead on the Rhine. The 4th marched into Germany, covering 330 miles in 15 days where it was widely dispersed over an area with Bad Bertrich as Division headquarters. The division established training for the men as well as sports and educational activities. In April 1919 the division moved to a new occupation area further north on the Rhine.

The division went north to Ahrweiler Germany in the Rheinland-Phalz area. In July the division returned to France and the last detachment sailed for the United States on 31 July 1919. On 21 September 1921, the 4th Division was inactivated at Camp Lewis, Washington as part of the Army Reorganization Act of 1920.

World War II[]

The 4th Division was reactivated on 1 June 1940 at Fort Benning, Georgia, under the command of MG Walter E. Prosser. Commencing in August the formation was reorganized as a motorized division and assigned (along with 2d Armored Division) to the I Armored Corps, being officially given its motorized title in parenthesized style and then formally as the 4th Motorized Division effective 11 July 1941. The division participated in Louisiana maneuvers held during August 1941 and then in the Carolina Maneuvers of October 1941, after which it returned to Fort Benning. The division transferred to Fort Gordon, Georgia, in December 1941 and rehearsed training at the Carolina Maneuvers during the summer of 1942. The division then moved on 12 April 1943 to Fort Dix, New Jersey, where it was again reconfigured and redesignated the 4th Infantry Division on 4 August of that year. The division participated in battlefield maneuvers in Florida starting in September and after this fall training exercise arrived at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, on 1 December 1943. At this station the division was alerted for overseas movement and staged at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, beginning 4 January 1944 prior to departing the New York Port of Embarkation on 18 January 1944. The 4th Infantry Division sailed to England where it arrived 26 January 1944.[6]

France[]

The 4th Infantry Division assaulted the northern coast of German-held France during the Normandy Invasion, landing at Utah Beach. The 8th Infantry Regiment of the 4th Infantry Division claimed being the first surface-borne Allied unit (as opposed to the parachutist formations that were air-dropped earlier) to hit the beaches at Normandy on D-day, 6 June 1944. Relieving the isolated 82d Airborne Division at Sainte-Mère-Église, the 4th cleared the Cotentin peninsula and took part in the capture of Cherbourg on 25 June. After taking part in the fighting near Periers, 6–12 July, the division broke through the left flank of the German Seventh Army, helped stem the German drive toward Avranches, and by the end of August had moved to Paris, and gave French forces the first place in the liberation of their capital. During the liberation of Paris in World War II, Ernest Hemingway took on a self-appointed role as a civilian scout in the city of Paris for his friends in the 4 ID. He was with the 22nd Infantry Regiment when it moved from Paris, northeast through Belgium, and into Germany.

Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany[]

The 4th then moved into Belgium through Houffalize to attack the Siegfried Line at Schnee Eifel on 14 September, and made several penetrations. Slow progress into Germany continued in October, and by 6 November the division entered the Battle of Hurtgen Forest, where it was engaged in heavy fighting until early December. It then shifted to Luxembourg, only to meet the German winter Ardennes Offensive head-on (in the Battle of the Bulge) starting on 16 December 1944. Although its lines were dented, it managed to hold the Germans at Dickweiler and Osweiler, and, counterattacking in January across the Sauer, overran German positions in Fouhren and Vianden. Halted at the Prüm River in February by heavy enemy resistance, the division finally crossed on 28 February near Olzheim, and raced on across the Kyll on 7 March. After a short rest, the 4th moved across the Rhine on 29 March at Worms, attacked and secured Würzburg and by 3 April had established a bridgehead across the Main at Ochsenfurt. Speeding southeast across Bavaria, the division had reached Miesbach on the Isar on 2 May 1945, when it was relieved and placed on occupation duty. Writer J.D. Salinger served with the division 1942–1945.

  • World War II casualties
    • 4,097 killed in action
    • 17,371 wounded in action
    • 757 died of wounds

Units[]

Troops move out over the seawall on Utah Beach

Troops of the 4th Infantry move off the Utah Beachhead on D-Day

July 1945 – May 1956[]

The division returned to the United States in July 1945 and was stationed at Camp Butner North Carolina, preparing for deployment to the Pacific. After the war ended it was inactivated on 5 March 1946. It was reactivated as a training division at Fort Ord, California on 15 July 1947.

On 1 October 1950, it was redesignated a combat division, training at Fort Benning, Georgia. In May 1951 it deployed to Germany as the first of four U.S. divisions committed to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization during the early years of the Cold War. The division headquarters was at Frankfurt. After a five-year tour in Germany, the division redeployed to Fort Lewis, Washington in May 1956.

The 6th Tank Battalion of the 2d Armored Division, Fort Hood, Texas, was sent to Korea during the war to serve with the 24th Infantry Division. The lineages of the tank companies within the battalion are perpetuated by battalions of today's 66th[7] and 67th[8] Armor Regiments in the 4th Infantry Division.

Vietnam War[]

The 4th Infantry Division deployed from Fort Lewis to Camp Holloway, Pleiku, Vietnam on 25 September 1966 and served more than four years, returning to Fort Carson, Colorado on 8 December 1970. Two brigades operated in the Central Highlands/II Corps Zone, but its 3rd Brigade, including the division's armor battalion, was sent to Tay Ninh Province northwest of Saigon to take part in Operation Attleboro (September to November 1966), and later Operation Junction City (February to May 1967), both in War Zone C. After nearly a year of combat, the 3rd Brigade's battalions officially became part of the 25th Infantry Division in exchange for the battalions of the 25th's 3rd Brigade, then in Quang Ngai Province as part of the division-sized Task Force Oregon.

Deployment Table 1966—1970[]

Location Start Finish
Pleiku SEP 1966 FEB 1968
Dak To MAR 1968 APR 1968
Pleiku APR 1968 FEB 1970
An Khe/Pleiku APR 1970 APR 1970
An Khe APR 1970 DEC 1970

Throughout its service in Vietnam the division conducted combat operations ranging from the western Central Highlands along the border between Cambodia and Vietnam to Qui Nhon on the South China Sea. The division experienced intense combat against NVA regular forces in the mountains surrounding Kontum in the autumn of 1967. The division's 3rd Brigade was withdrawn from Vietnam in April 1970 and deactivated at Fort Lewis. In May the remainder of the division conducted cross-border operations during the Cambodian Incursion. The "Ivy Division" returned from Vietnam on 7 December 1970, and was rejoined in Fort Carson by its former 3rd Brigade from Hawaii, where it had re-deployed as part of the withdrawal of the 25th Infantry Division. One battalion remained in Vietnam as a separate organization until January 1972.[9]

  • Vietnam divisional order of battle
1st Battalion, 8th Infantry
2d Battalion, 8th Infantry (Mechanized)
3d Battalion, 8th Infantry
1st Battalion, 12th Infantry
2d Battalion, 12th Infantry (to 25th ID, August 1967 – December 1970)
3d Battalion, 12th Infantry
1st Battalion, 14th Infantry (from 25th ID, August 1967 – December 1970)
1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry (Separate, November 1970 – January 1972)
2d Battalion, 22nd Infantry (to 25th ID, August 1967 – December 1970)
3d Battalion, 22nd Infantry (to 25th ID, August 1967 – December 1970)
1st Battalion, 35th Infantry (from 25th ID, August 1967 – April 1970)
2d Battalion, 35th Infantry (from 25th ID, August 1967 – December 1970)
2d Battalion, 34th Armor (to 25th ID, August 1967 – December 1970)
1st Battalion, 69th Armor (from 25th ID, August 1967 – April 1970)
2nd Battalion, 9th Artillery (105 mm) (from 25th ID, August 1967 – April 1970)
5th Battalion, 16th Artillery (155 mm)
6th Battalion, 29th Artillery (105 mm)
4th Battalion, 42d Artillery (105 mm)
2d Battalion, 77th Artillery (105 mm) (to 25th ID, August 1967 – December 1970)
1st Squadron, 10th Cavalry (Armored) Division Reconnaissance
4th Aviation Battalion
4th Engineer Battalion
4th Medical Battalion
124th Signal Battalion
704th Maintenance Battalion
43rd Chemical Detachment
Dedicated reconnaissance elements
Company E, 20th Infantry (Long Range Patrol)
Company E, 58th Infantry (Long Range Patrol)
Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne)
4th Administration Company
4th Military Police Company
374th Army Security Agency Company
Division Support Command and Band
  • Vietnam Casualties
    • 2,531 Killed in Action
    • 15,229 Wounded in Action

Iraq War[]

Alerted on 19 January 2003, the 4th Infantry Division was scheduled to take part in the Iraq War in the spring of 2003 by spearheading an advance from Turkey into northern Iraq. The Turkish Parliament refused to grant permission for the operation and the division's equipment remained offshore on ships during the buildup for the war. Its original mission, holding 13 Iraqi divisions along the "Green Line" in northern Iraq, was executed by the joint Task Force Viking. Arriving through Kuwait after the invasion had started, the division was subjected to multiple "SCUD" alerts while at Camps Wolf and Udairi, necessitating the retreat to bunkers in full chemical protective gear.

4th Infantry Division

A 4th Infantry Division soldier manning an M240 machine gun in Iraq.

The division was unable to deploy in time to start the invasion but joined it as a follow-on force in April 2003 attacking toward Tikrit and Mosul, and later became a major part of occupation forces during the post-war period. Headquartered in Saddam Hussein's former palaces, the 4th ID was deployed in the northern area of the Sunni Triangle near Tikrit. The 4th Infantry Division was spread all over Northern Iraq from Kirkuk to the Iranian border as far south as Balad Air Base in Balad, Iraq. The 3rd Brigade Combat Team headquarters was assigned to Balad Air Base. The 4th Infantry Division also disarmed the MEK warriors in Northern Iraq in July–August 2003.

On 13 December 2003, the 1st Brigade of the 4th ID provided perimeter security for the U.S. special operations forces that captured Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq. The division rotated out of Iraq in the spring of 2004, and was relieved by the 1st Infantry Division.

Some have been critical of the division under its then-commander Maj. Gen. Raymond T. Odierno, calling its stance belligerent during their initial entry into Iraq after the ground war had ceased and arguing that the unit's lack of a 'hearts and minds' approach was ineffective in quelling the insurgency.[10][11][12] In his unit's defense, Odierno and others have argued that enemy activity in the 4th ID's area of operations was higher than in any other area of the country because of the region's high concentration of Sunni resistance groups still loyal to Saddam Hussein's regime. His unit was headquartered in Hussein's hometown and this environment necessitated a different approach from those of units located in the more peaceful regions in the south and the north of the country.[12][13]

  • OIF 1 casualties: 81 killed in action

The division's second deployment to Iraq began in the fall of 2005. The division headquarters replaced the 3rd Infantry Division, which had been directing security operations as the headquarters for Multi-National Division – Baghdad. The 4th ID assumed responsibility on 7 January 2006 for four provinces in central and southern Iraq: Baghdad, Karbala, An-Najaf and Babil. On 7 January 2006, MND-Baghdad also assumed responsibility for training Iraqi security forces and conducting security operations in the four provinces.

During the second deployment, 3rd Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division was assigned to conduct security operations under the command of Task Force Band of Brothers, led initially by the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault).

  • OIF 05–07 casualties: 229 killed in action

In March 2008 the 1st Brigade Combat Team deployed to Iraq and was stationed in Baghdad. The 1st Battalion, 66th Armor Regiment was detached from the brigade and attached to the 4th Brigade, 10th Mountain Division which was stationed at FOB Rustamiyah in Al Amin, Baghdad. The brigade returned home to Fort Hood, Texas in March 2009 and immediately began preparing for reassignment to Fort Carson, Colorado.

In the three deployments to Iraq, 84 4ID/Task Force Ironhorse Soldiers were killed in 2003–2004, 235 4ID/Multi-National Division – Baghdad Soldiers lost their lives in 2005–2006, and 113 4ID/Multi-National Division – Baghdad Soldiers were killed in 2007–2009.

July 2009 saw another division change of command as MG David Perkins took command to become the 56th Commanding General of the 4th Infantry Division. With this change of command, even more significant events happened as the 4ID completed 14 years calling Fort Hood, TX home and returned to Fort Carson, CO, where they had served from late 1970 through late 1995. It was at this time that the 4th Division headquarters and the 1st Brigade Combat Team transferred to Fort Carson, Colorado. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Brigades had already relocated and the 4th Infantry Division's Aviation Brigade stayed at Fort Hood, Texas.

Afghanistan War[]

In May 2009 the 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom X for a 12 month combat rotation. The 1st Battalion 12th Infantry Regiment deployed to Regional Command South. Task Force 1-12 operated in Maiwand district and Zhari district, namely the Arghandab River Valley, west of Kandahar City. Referred to as "The Heart of Darkness" for its notoriety as the birthplace of the Taliban, the Soldiers of Task Force 1-12 operated in a very complex combat environment. Much of the fighting was conducted in notoriously dense grape fields, which insurgent forces used as cover and concealment for a variety of complex attacks on coalition forces. The 2nd Battalion 12th Infantry Regiment deployed in to Regional Command East and was based in the Pech River Valley, Kunar Province, home to the Korangal Valley, Waygal, Shuriak, and Wata Pour Valleys. During its rotation, the 2nd Battalion saw heavy combat throughout the area.

The 3rd Squadron 61st Cavalry Regiment was also deployed to Regional Command East and served during its rotation in Kunar and Nuristan Provinces. Task Force Destroyer saw intense combat, namely the Battle of Kamdesh in which a combat outpost was attacked by upwards of 300 insurgents in a complex attack 20 miles from the Pakistan border. In May 2010, elements of the 4th Brigade Combat Team began to redeploy back to Fort Carson and immediately began assisting and training sister units for future contingency operations, as well as training for its own future combat deployments. Fort its steadfast courage, fidelity, and unwavering commitment to the mission, 4BCT was awarded the Valorous Unit Award, the second highest unit decoration that can be bestowed upon a United States Army unit.

Upon 4BCT redeploying to Fort Carson, the rest of the division was set to deploy to Afghanistan. The 1st and 2nd Brigade Combat Teams also served in Afghanistan building on the efforts that were initiated by 4BCT. The 4th BCT has once again deployed in an advise and assist capacity, fulfilling the mission of training and preparing the Afghan Security Forces for the handover of all combat operations in the upcoming years.[14][15]

Current Structure[]

4th US Infantry Division

Order of battle of the 4th Infantry Division

4 Infantry Division SSI 4th Infantry Division (Fort Carson, CO)[16]

The division is supported by the 43rd Sustainment Brigade at Fort Carson.

Honors[]

Division honors[]

Campaign participation credit[]

  1. Aisne-Marne;
  2. St. Mihiel;
  3. Meuse-Argonne;
  4. Champagne 1918;
  5. Lorraine 1918
  1. Normandy (with arrowhead) (Except 3rd Brigade);
  2. Northern France (Except 3rd Brigade);
  3. Rhineland (Except 3rd Brigade);
  4. Ardennes-Alsace (Except 3rd Brigade);
  5. Central Europe (Except 3rd Brigade);
  • Vietnam:
  1. Counteroffensive, Phase II;
  2. Counteroffensive, Phase III;
  3. Tet Counteroffensive;
  4. Counteroffensive, Phase IV;
  5. Counteroffensive, Phase V;
  6. Counteroffensive, Phase VI;
  7. Tet 69/Counteroffensive;
  8. Summer-Fall 1969;
  9. Winter-Spring 1970;
  10. Sanctuary Counteroffensive (Except 3rd Brigade);
  11. Counteroffensive, Phase VII (Except 3rd Brigade).
  1. Liberation of Iraq – 19 March 2003 to 1 May 2003.
  2. Transition of Iraq – 2 May 2003 to 28 June 2004.
  3. Iraqi Governance – 29 June 2004 to 15 December 2005.
  4. National Resolution – 16 December 2005 to a date to be determined.

Decorations[]

  1. Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for PLEIKU PROVINCE (1st Brigade Only)
  2. Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for DAK TO DISTRICT (1st Brigade Only)
  3. Belgian Fourragere 1940
  4. Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in BELGIUM
  5. Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the ARDENNES
  6. Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1966–1969
  7. Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1969–1970
  8. Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class for VIETNAM 1966–1969
  9. Army Superior Unit Award (Selected Units) for Force XXI Test and Evaluation (1995–1996)
  10. Valorous Unit Award (1st Brigade Combat Team & Supporting units) for Operation Red Dawn, Iraq – 2003

Medal of Honor Recipients[]

World War II[]

Vietnam War[]

Afghanistan War[]

References[]

  1. ↑ "Special Unit Designations". United States Army Center of Military History. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100609010022/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-123-ra_ar.html. Retrieved 23 June 2010. 
  2. ↑ "1917 Report". Gdg.org. http://www.gdg.org/Research/Authored%20Items/BCRReports/1917.html. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  3. ↑ "Army Post Here Thing of Past". August 6, 1919. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a9slAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZvwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6391,4749830&dq=camp-colt+fourth&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-14. 
  4. ↑ ""Gettysburg Camp" 1917 - Google zoeken". Google.com. http://www.google.com/search?q=%22Gettysburg+Camp%22+1917&tbs=nws:1,ar:1&source=newspapers. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  5. ↑ "1918 Reports". Gdg.org. http://www.gdg.org/Research/Authored%20Items/BCRReports/1918.html. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  6. ↑ Stanton, Shelby L. (10 April 2006). World War Two Order of Battle, U.S. Army. Stackpole Books. pp. 81. ISBN 978-0-8117-0157-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=jlGyAQAACAAJ. Retrieved 11 September 2012. 
  7. ↑ "66th Armor". U.S. Army Center of Military History. http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/ar/066ar.htm. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  8. ↑ "67th Armor". U.S. Army Center of Military History. http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/ar/067ar.htm. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  9. ↑ Stanton, Shelby, Vietnam Order of Battle: A Complete Illustrated Reference to the U.S. Army and Allied Ground Forces in Vietnam, 1961–1973, Stackpole Books 2006, p. 75-76
  10. ↑ Ricks, Thomas E.. "It Looked Weird and Felt Wrong". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/23/AR2006072300495_pf.html. 
  11. ↑ Ricks, Thomas E. (25 July 2006). Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq. Penguin Press HC, The. p. 153. 159420103X. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Peters, Ralph (28 August 2007). "He's a Fighter: How Odierno is Building Peace". http://www.nypost.com/seven/08282007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/hes_a_fighter.htm?page=0. 
  13. ↑ Filkins, Dexter. “Back in Iraq, Jarred by the Calm”, The New York Times, 21 September 2008.
  14. ↑ By The U.S. Army No real name given + Add Contact. "Language class | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/soldiersmediacenter/7176237460/in/photostream/. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  15. ↑ "4th BCT cases colors, looks to Afghanistan." http://www.carson.army.mil/units/4id/news/2012-february.html
  16. ↑ [1][dead link]
  17. ↑ "TIOH - Heraldry - Special Troops Battalion, 4 Brigade Combat Team, 4 Infantry Division". The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army. http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=4399. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 

Further reading[]

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